Robert mezger



its components.

I end emulsions are' both very Patent d 1928. 1 5 1 5,, UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.-

PRODUCING STABLE 'EMULsIoNs. Y 1 i v i No Drawing. Application filed April 1, 1927, Serial No. 180,330, and in "Germany July 1,1925.

My invention refers to emulsions, and embraces especially emulsions of the kind in whi tar, pitch, asphalt, petroleum oils are combinedwith water. Its

not suffer de-composition or separation of While oils consisting essentially of hydrocarbons are mentioned, the invention is also applicable to all kinds of oily materials.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, emulsions produced in the manner hereto practiced, whe being allowed'to stand th n o I new emulsifying, operation after which steps and (d are repeated, as often as taining tar. If the constituents are mixed desired, more Water being added in each in predetermined proportions and suitable cycle, or as often as desired. emulsifying agents are added it is easy to The following examples are given in an ilwhich will remain unlustrative' The parts are by weight (except where otherwise stated).

Example 1.-50 kgs. of coal distillation" from water, light of the heavier oils,

tar freed by oil and part are intimately mixed by vigorous'stirring (or other eliicient mixing) at about 60 (1, with 1 kg. of oleic acid. The oleic acid dissolves in the tar. To this mixture is added (preferably in small portions) a solution of 300 grams of soda ash (carbonate) in 50 liters of water, the stirring eing' continued until a homogeneous brown will each always have substantially the same emulsion has formed which is completelv composition. 'Thus the emulsion made by mixable with This is allowed ti) thoroughly mixing a given batch of ingrcdistand. After 48 hours standing this emulents together. (termed a primary emul-sion will have neatly separated into two sion ,will'by standing, separate or stratify layers, namely (a) 40 kgs. of a dilute end i into two stable emulsions (hereinafter emulsion containing about 10% tar, the reactermed end emulsions) each of which is tion products of'0.06% soda ash, with 0.2% oleic acid and 89.7% water, and (b) 60kgsi and is uniform as to comof a concentrated end emulsion containing other end emulsion contains about of tar, the reaction products of 1.5% oleic acid, with 0.46% soda ash 23% water. The dilute emulsion is now separated from the concentrated emul- S1011 and is utilized anew in afurther emul-' in) ferent specific gravities.

ave now ascertained that if an emulsion repared in accordance with the above is al owed to stand the product will separate itself into two layers, an upper and a lower,-both of which are actually emulsions, and

position; These'two separated parts" of the emulsion, which hereinafter, will be termed stable. and reout as follows:

sifying. operation with more of the tarry can be employed. The use of theiatty acids material like that used in the first step, an and alkali are found to give very satisfacreferably also with more of the emulsi-' tory results, and I accordingly prefer them ying agent, while the concentrated emulin actual practice.

sion can be shipped or stored without danger Other oils besides those above mentioned, 7

of its concentration or character being al can be used, e. g. other hydrocarbon oils,

tered. fattyoils, or any kind of oil capable of be- The second emulsification can be carried ing emulsified. The term oil is herein- I i after used in the'broad sense.

'80 kgs. of coal tar as in the above example It will be understood that the stable end are mixed with 1.6 kg. of oleic acid, and to emulsions produced by settling of the prithis 100 lrgs. of weak emulsion in which 480 mary emulsions are far more stable than grams of soda ash have been dissolved are any emulsion that can be prepared, by any added. This is then violently stirred or agimethods known to n.3, directly from the tated to form a brown homogeneous emulsame components in the proportions in sion, which can then be settled, separated which they are present in the said stable end and treated as above described. emulsions. This is true also and in particu- The poor end emulsion, produced by setlar, as to the end emulsions of high oilcontling in each stage, can be used, preferably tent. with additional emulsifying agent, in pro- I have above spoken of allowing the priducing a new emulsion, to, be subsequently mary emulsion to stand a'few days to stratsettled and separated into two end emulify by simple gravity separation. It wil sions, the poorer one. reused in making a be obvious that other methods of specificnew emulsion to be similarly treated. gravity separation, centrifugation, etc., can

Example 91-455 parts of coal tar pitch are be used, if desired. Simply standing fora mixed with 45 parts. of an hracene oil. This few days, is generally a cheap and efficient mixture is treated with (say 2 parts of) method to employ. oleic acid, (say 0.6 parts of) soda ash and The term tarry substance used in cer- (say 100 parts of) water as described with tam of the claims is designed tOdIlCllldt-l coal reference to Example 1, and a similar prodtar, coal-tar p tch, petroleum pitch, anthra- 95 not is obtained which is settled, drawn 0 eene oil, and all other kinds'of tarry prodetc., as in Example 1. ucts.

Ewample 3.-15 kgs. of petroleum pitch The present application 18 in part a conand 40 kgs. of coal tar pitch are dissolved tinuation of my copending case, Serial No. in hot condition in 45 kgs. of anthracene oil 118,854, filed in the United States June 26, and 3 kgs. of oleic acid. This solution is 1926, (corresponding to a German applicacooled down to about 70 C. and a solution tion filed July 1, 1925). of (300 grams of caustic soda in 4:0 liters of I claim.- y water is gradually and slowly added-:under 1.' The method of preparing stable oil vigorous stirring until the organic constitemulsions comprising mixing the constitu- 1 5 uents have undergone complete emulsificaents so as to effect emulsification, allowing tion in the water. After standing three the emulsion to stratify into two end emul days this emulsion is found to be separated sions, removing the end emulsion which is into two end emulsions similar to those dericher in oily materi l and emulsifying more scribed with references to Example 1. In oil with the end emulsion which is poorer this case as well the dilute end emulsion is in oil, in a new emulsifying operation. utilized in a subsequent operation (similar. 2. 'The method of preparing stable emulto that described under Example 1) for presions of oily material comprising mixing the paring another concentrated emulsion, its constituents in the proportion best"'adapted contents of bitumen, pitch and soap being. for-complete emulsilicati'on, such mixing beconsidered when calculating the further ing suflicien ly violent to produce an emulamounts of these constituents and of oleic sion, allowing the emulsion to stratify into acid and soda, to be used in the new emulsitwo end emulsions respectively richer and fication. poorer in oily material, removing the end- I wish it to be understood that/I do not emulsion richer in oily material and well no desire to be limited to the exact substances, mixing together the end emulsion which is proportions and sequences of operations depoorer 1n oily material, more oily material ,scribed'for obvious modifications will occur and more emulsifying agent, to form a new 'to a person skilled in the art. emulslon.

I have above referred to oleic acid, but 3. Tlie method of preparing astable emulother. fatty acids so for instance those presion of a tarry substance comprising mixing pared from cotton seeds, peanuts, fish oil a tarry substance "with Water and an emulean be used, or other emulsifying agents insifying agent, emulsifying the mixture, alstead of fatty acid as organic sulp hoand lowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratsulphonic acids or ordinary resin and alkali ify intotwo end emulsions respectively n to stratify into two end emulsions, separat:

ing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance from the end emulsion poorer in tarry substance, and emulsifying the latter with more tarry substance, in a new emulsiemulsion of a tarry fying operation.

The method of preparing a stable substance comprising mixing a tarry substance with oleic acid and an alkaline substance and water, under conditions sufiicient to emulsify thetarry substance, allowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions, removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance and emulsifying tarry I material with the end emulsion poorer in tarry substance in a new emulsifying operation.

6. The method of preparing a stable emulsion of a tarry substance comprisin mixing a tarry substance with oleic acid an soda solution sufiiciently to 'emulsify the tarry substance, allowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions,

removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance and forming a new emulsion from the end emulsion poorer in tarry substance, morev tarry substance, and emulsifying agent, by well mixing the same in a new emulsifying operation.

7. The method of preparing a stable emulsion of a tarry substance comprising mixing a tarry substance with an emu1sifying agent, emulsifying the mixture, allowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions respectively richer and poorer in tarry substance, removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance and separately removing the emulsion poorer in tarry substance.

8. In the process of claim well mixing together poor in tarry (a) fatty sufficient to produce a new emulsion, then again allowingstratification intoend emulsions, and repeating these steps with the new and emulsion poor in tarry substance.

9. The method of preparing stable oil emulsions-comprising mixing the constitu- :nts so as to effect emulsification, allowing heemulsion to stratify into two end emulions, removing the end emulsion which is 4, the steps of (a) an end emulsion spectively richer substance, (6) tarry substance, f acid and (dialkali, in amounts richer in oil, adding emulsifying agents and more oil to the end emulsion which is poorer in oil and emulsifying such mixture, in a new emulsifying operation.

10. The method of preparing a stable emulsion of a tarry substance comprising mixing a tarry substance with watery ma.terial and an emulsi-ying agent, emulsifying the mixture, allowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions reand poorer in tarry substance, removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance, adding more emulsifying agent and more tarry substance to the end emulsion poorer in tarry substance and emulsifying such mixture as a new emulsifying operation.

11. The method of preparing a stable emulsion of a tarry substance comprising mixing a tarry substance with a fatty acid rial, converting the mixture into a primary emulsion, allowing said emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions separating and removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance from the emulsion poorer in tarry substance, and adding more emulsifying agent and tarry substance to the latter, and emulsifying a new emulsifying operation.

12. The method of preparing a stable emulsion of tarry substance comprisin mixing a tarry substance with oleic acid 'an an alkaline substance and water, under conditions suflicient to emulsify thetarry'substance, allowing the emulsion thus obtained to stratify into two end emulsions, removing the end emulsion richer in tarry substance and emulsifying tarry substance with the end emulsion poorer in tarry substance and a further quantity of emulsifying agent, in a new emulsifying operation.

13. In theart of making stable emulsions, the herein described process'which comprises first well mixing together (a) oily material, (6) an acid of the group includ ing fatty acid, organic sulfo acid, sulfonic acid, and rosin, (c) an aqueous liquid and (d) an alkali, to'produce a primary e'mulsion, thereafter causing such primary emul sion to stratify into two end emulsions, respectively richer and poorer in oily material, and separating such two end emulsions, peremulsifying operation by end emulsion from said earlier steps which is poorer in oil'with more alkalipmore oily material and more of the acid-of the group above defined, until a second primary emulsion is produced, and causing such second primary emulsion to ROBERT, MEZGER. 

